RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE The examples thereof were also given and explained in English instead of in an African language. Yet, another experience was when lecturing postgraduate students on the method of teaching African languages in the Foundation Phase · The research team is expected to come up with the ethical considerations in the isolation of the sick patients in cases flu outbreak. The results are expected to contain ways of eliminating the virus in connection to the Ebola virus. The researchers are expected to confirm that it is advisable to isolate infected blogger.comted Reading Time: 8 mins This sample Ethics Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price
Ethics Research Paper Example - EssayEmpire
Ethics is a touchy subject and has been deftly handled by explaining the theories of Ethics in this article. In the business environment morality is what is in the best interest of the business, particularly its stockholders. However the use of employees by the management in carrying out this activity raises serious questions about the duality of private and business lives.
This dilemma is conveniently ignored by those who either look for personal gain or have the fear of losing their jobs, but there ethics research paper examples others, notably the few women in power, who abhor this practice. There is also the general awareness that corporations have to look after all stakeholders that eventually curbs unethical practices. It has been concluded that leaders have a major role to play in creating conditions where the employees are not coerced into unethical practices that are in any case not acceptable by either the law or the society at large.
The Objective of Business is to earn profits for its owners, the shareholders. But does it mean an open license ethics research paper examples managers to serve their employers without regards to those who help them to achieve the profit motive they work for?
Do ends justify means? The managers need to conduct a balancing act with ever-present contradictions to please all stakeholders, ethics research paper examples. However the role of the employees is crucial in performance of their obligations, ethics research paper examples, hence a special relationship is required to be developed. The business objectives can not be achieved without the confidence of the employees and their involvement.
Leaders at all level have to be conscious of the ethics research paper examples that they have ethics research paper examples set examples of behaviour that will be emulated by their sub-ordinates. This balancing is based on principles or ethics. It is becoming evident to business in America that ethical values need to be upheld and become institutionalized Sims as this is the desired status by society in general.
However the dilemma is squarely faced by the individual manager. He perceives his primary role to be looking after shareholder value Vogel in preference to other stakeholders. Therefore they justify the moral result or implication of their unethical behaviour and decisions Kram et al simply because they have the need to survive themselves in a amoral universe per se Derry, ; Wood et al.
Indeed there exists a moral contradiction under which managers uphold ethical values in their private lives while denying and ignoring their ethics research paper examples in business context Reilly and Kym, ethics research paper examples, A majority of business executives of the Fortune companies admit compromising on personal principles ethics research paper examples order to attain organizational goals Lincoln et al.
Ethical theories are all about morals. Among the many theories two ethical systems stand out. They are the Utilitarian theory and the Deontological theory, ethics research paper examples.
Utilitarianism was first propagated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill who believed in ethics of consequences meaning that an action is good if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number. This was called the consequential theory, too. In his book Utilitarianism, Mills states that that happiness is not only desirable, but the only thing desirable, as an end in itself.
For all other desirable things, happiness is a means to that end. There are three main events under this theory. The consequences of the acts must be determined first of all. Second, the decision is about the quantity of happiness produced by those actions, ethics research paper examples. Finally, the wellbeing of each individual is equally important, and behavior must be directed toward that end. There are two sub theories of Utilitarianism. Van Wyck states that, according to the philosophy of Act Utilitarianism, ethics research paper examples, the view is that a right action is also chosen by another individual and the common action the goal is at least to deliver the same good result.
Under this principle an action for the greater good is taken even if it means abandoning or following a law or set of rules. In other words ends justify the means. The proponents of the other theory called Rule Utilitarianism believe firmly in observing rule and not encroaching on others happiness even if the happiness of a larger group is likely to be affected. That means laws are meant to be followed in order to preserve meaning and balance in a society.
The other group, called Deontological Theory, maintains that commitments must be obeyed regardless of consequences. Deontologists argue that behavior is morally wrong not because of its consequences but because these acts are ethics research paper examples a moral infringement Boxill. Morally right mans accepted by God and morally wrong implies that God disapproved.
Rachels This ethics is simple and straight forward and right and wrong depend on the Will of God. Values and traditions are shifting and changing all the time, especially in contemporary times due to influences from all over the world brought about by easier communications and acceptability of previously unknown customs and rituals.
Ethics have taken different meaning too and new ethical dilemmas face the managers and workers alike, ethics research paper examples. Both managers and employees attempt to overcome and evade these issues in face of stiff competition and the conflict of interest comes into play, ethics research paper examples.
The conflicts have many sources but the majority are from within the organisations themselves. There is a continuous pull between performing within ethical standards and serving the organizations. The biggest pressure on the employees, even managers and leaders, is to safeguard their own interest or means of livelihood. Lovell found in various interviews that mostly it was the fear of endangering the current or future employment prospects and the consequences of this for the family was the main reasons for unethical practices.
This study also ethics research paper examples that this fear ethics research paper examples the loyalty to the organization were main factors in ignoring questionable ethical practices.
The culture of the organization plays a major role in this conflict of interest. Setting of standards, declaration of mission statements and preaching practices are all meaningless unless there are underlying principles are enforced with conviction. Normally, ethics is understood to be the underlying values attached to an activity. There may be laws and rules enforceable by a regulatory authority that defines ethics but in some cases it is defined by morally acceptable unwritten customs.
The concept is drawn from the basic ideals of what is right or wrong within the meaning of the activity under question. It is commonly understood that laws shape the role of business, but in broader perspective it is the contribution of the business, by virtue of its varying role-play, to shape future laws and forms of regulatory activities.
They also help in the evolution of business ethics when they cross the boundaries to set new rules for themselves. It would not be far-fetched to state the contributions by business towards law-making are enormous. It has a tremendous impact on the society in general. In counteraction the society too plays a vital role by accepting, modifying or rejecting these activities and re-defining the role of ethics research paper examples ethics.
Ethics research paper examples Indeed in the absence of International laws and Global Regulations, businesses themselves form regulatory business ethics through self-regulation, global codes of conduct, ethical sourcing etc Ronit ; Cashore Companies formulate their code of conduct to define processes and establish practices, all within compliance of laws and regulations. They have an additional need to be able to face market competition.
In most cases the law is followed in letter but not in spirit. Therefore corners are cut in interpretation and profit becomes the motive of survival. This ethics research paper examples to unethical practices by the employees in the interest of the company. This is not only prescribed by the company and its leaders, it is also actively encouraged. The American business culture is dominated by the bottom line. This extreme focus and emphasis on profitability leads to dubious in ethical practices.
This has even breached the research activities. They too have become largely questionable and often animal rights activists are at loggerheads with business on this account.
Similarly in case of Tobacco Ethics research paper examples a blind eye is turned despite the knowledge of its harmful effects. An empirical research conducted and published by the Academy of management revealed that, from tothere was more interest and consciousness of economic performance and less in human welfare. It has ethics research paper examples reported by the University of Michigan Business School that this shifting of emphasis on profitability, performance and productivity has effected the social responsibilities of business which has been relegated to sidelines.
Leaders and managers are now considering employees as expendable and treat the society in general as the tool for obtaining competitive advantage in the cut throat corporate environment. This single mindedness on productivity and performance that is prevalent today brings about a spate of scandalous practices and as a result fraudulent practices by individuals come to light in much greater numbers today.
This brings to fore the question of whether the managers and employees are being put to pressure to outperform one another? This strain leads to unethical behaviour. White collar crime is on the increase and a reason for this is higher education that enables the employee and manager to use the power of technology to their advantage.
Labaton It has been said that introduction of stringent laws like ethics research paper examples Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other regulations are deterrents to unethical practices.
The fact is that they are merely legislations and rules that ethics research paper examples and employees use for their personal benefits and bend their activities to go around them, ethics research paper examples.
Doubts, pessimism, sarcasm and cynicism abound and business revolves around getting things done by any means. Human Resource Development theories have us believe that the cause of employee behaviour is the management led by its leaders at different levels. A look at the various theories of Human Resources will reveal this in depth. The ethics research paper examples are empowerment, liberation, fulfilment and self actualization of both the individual and the group and the challenge is how to develop attitude to achieve this goal.
There are three assumptions to all HR theories. Organizations serve human needs. Individuals and organization, ethics research paper examples, for this service, need each other. To fulfill this purpose, it is critical that people and the organisation are in complete harmony.
Abraham Maslow explained this in a hierarchical way, beginning with human psychology, protection, belonging, self-esteem, and finally self-actualization. According to Maslow, workers have a basic human need and a right to aspire for self-realization, just as corporate managers and owners do and so do fulfilment the organization becomes stronger, competitive and profitable.
Chris Argyris argued that confrontation was an intrinsic part of the problem, and that the product of talent was job monotony. This dehumanizes a person and leads to conflict. Frederick Herzberg suggests that in general there are only two factors that drive a person to work and that they are hygiene and motivators such as self-actualisation. Hygiene is not motivational but its absence will reduce motivation and a good hygienic atmosphere will increase motivating factors such as success, responsibility and progress.
He also notes that wage increases without better sanitation would result in catastrophe, and the motivators. According to him, a management negative attitude, theory X, ethics research paper examples, presupposes workers are lazy, passive, unambitious, reluctant to be guided and resist change.
What Are Research Ethics?
, time: 8:02How to Write an Ethics Paper or Essay With Tips and Examples
· Sample Research Paper on Ethics and Integrity Research Ethics and Integrity Approval of any research material or report requires the perusal and evaluation by professional and academic experts to validate the content, presentation, and quality of any blogger.comted Reading Time: 8 mins RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE The examples thereof were also given and explained in English instead of in an African language. Yet, another experience was when lecturing postgraduate students on the method of teaching African languages in the Foundation Phase · The research team is expected to come up with the ethical considerations in the isolation of the sick patients in cases flu outbreak. The results are expected to contain ways of eliminating the virus in connection to the Ebola virus. The researchers are expected to confirm that it is advisable to isolate infected blogger.comted Reading Time: 8 mins
No comments:
Post a Comment